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Estonia

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Country statistical profile

Further country information

Selected indicators for Estonia

Population

Population, Million persons, 1994-2014
Population, Annual growth rate (%), 2014

1.3 million

Growth rate: -0.2%

Income inequality

Income inequality, 0 = complete equality; 1 = complete inequality, latest available year

Education

Mathematics performance (PISA), Mean score, 2015
Reading performance (PISA), Mean score, 2015
Science performance (PISA), Mean score, 2015

CO2 emissions

Air and GHG emissions, Carbon dioxide (CO2), latest available year

12.4 tonnes per capita

GDP

Gross domestic product (GDP), US dollars/capita, 2017
Real GDP forecast, Annual growth rate (%), 2020

33 493 US$ per capita

Projected growth rate: 2.3%

Debt

Household debt, % of net disposable income, 2017
General government debt, % of GDP, 2017

Household debt:
80.2 % of disposable income

Government debt:
12.6 % of GDP

Tax

Tax on personal income, % of GDP, 2017

Tax on personal income:
5.7 % of GDP

Unemployment

Unemployment rate, % of labour force, 1998-2018

5.4 % of labour force

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Country profile of Estonia

AgricultureLatestTrendRanking
Agricultural landIndicator 314 Permanent pasture
Hectares
2017
Estonia Hectares 		Permanent pasture
Hectares
1998-2017
Estonia (red) 		Permanent pasture
Hectares
2017
Estonia (red)
Agricultural supportIndicator
Crop productionIndicator
Fish landingsIndicator 64 206.6 National landings in domestic ports
Tonnes
2017
Estonia Tonnes 		National landings in domestic ports
Tonnes
1998-2017
Estonia (red) 		National landings in domestic ports
Tonnes
2016
Estonia (red)
Nutrient balanceIndicator 22.0 Nitrogen
Kilograms/hectare
2015
Estonia Kilograms/hectare 		Nitrogen
Kilograms/hectare
2004-2015
Estonia (red) 		Nitrogen
Kilograms/hectare
2015
Estonia (red)

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DevelopmentLatestTrendRanking
Distribution of net ODAIndicator 1.5 Least developed countries
Million US dollars
2017
Estonia Million US dollars 		Least developed countries
Million US dollars
2002-2017
Estonia (red), DAC Countries (black) 		Least developed countries
Million US dollars
2017
Estonia (red), DAC Countries (black)
Grants by private agencies and NGOsIndicator -0.4 Total
Million US dollars
2015
Estonia Million US dollars 		Total
Million US dollars
2014-2015
Estonia (red), DAC Countries (black)
Net ODAIndicator 0.2 Total
% of gross national income
2017
Estonia % of gross national income 		Total
% of gross national income
2004-2017
Estonia (red), DAC Countries (black) 		Total
% of gross national income
2017
Estonia (red), DAC Countries (black)
Private flowsIndicator
Total official and private flowsIndicator

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EconomyLatestTrendRanking
Composite leading indicator (CLI)Indicator 97.87 Amplitude adjusted
Long-term average = 100
Jan-2019
Estonia Long-term average = 100
Household disposable incomeIndicator 3.7 Net
Annual growth rate (%)
2017
Estonia Annual growth rate (%) 		Net
Annual growth rate (%)
1998-2017
Estonia (red) 		Net
Annual growth rate (%)
2017
Estonia (red)
Labour compensation per hour workedIndicator 6.3 Total
Annual growth rate (%)
2017
Estonia Annual growth rate (%) 		Total
Annual growth rate (%)
2001-2017
Estonia (red) 		Total
Annual growth rate (%)
2017
Estonia (red)
Net national incomeIndicator 27 661 Total
US dollars/capita
2017
Estonia US dollars/capita 		Total
US dollars/capita
2000-2017
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black) 		Total
US dollars/capita
2017
Estonia (red)
Trade in goods and servicesIndicator 75.2 Exports
% of GDP
2018
Estonia % of GDP 		Exports
% of GDP
1999-2018
Estonia (red) 		Exports
% of GDP
2017
Estonia (red)

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EducationLatestTrendRanking
Education spendingIndicator 12 867 Tertiary
US dollars/student
2015
Estonia US dollars/student 		Tertiary
US dollars/student
1995-2015
Estonia (red) 		Tertiary
US dollars/student
2016
Estonia (red)
Mathematics performance (PISA)Indicator 522 Boys
Mean score
2015
Estonia Mean score 		Boys
Mean score
2006-2015
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black) 		Boys
Mean score
2015
Estonia (red)
Reading performance (PISA)Indicator 505 Boys
Mean score
2015
Estonia Mean score 		Boys
Mean score
2006-2015
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black) 		Boys
Mean score
2015
Estonia (red)
Science performance (PISA)Indicator 536 Boys
Mean score
2015
Estonia Mean score 		Boys
Mean score
2006-2015
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black) 		Boys
Mean score
2015
Estonia (red)
Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET)Indicator 7.5 15-19 year-old men
% in same age group
2017
Estonia % in same age group 		15-19 year-old men
% in same age group
2003-2017
Estonia (red), OECD - Average (black) 		15-19 year-old men
% in same age group
2017
Estonia (red), OECD - Average (black)

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EnergyLatestTrendRanking
Crude oil productionIndicator 0.0 Total
Thousand toe
2017
Estonia Thousand toe 		Total
Thousand toe
1998-2017
Estonia (red) 		Total
Thousand toe
2017
Estonia (red)
Infrastructure investmentIndicator 173 866 500.00 Road
Euro
2016
Estonia Euro 		Road
Euro
1997-2016
Estonia (red) 		Road
Euro
2016
Estonia (red)
Passenger transportIndicator 2 929.0 Road
Million passenger-kilometres
2017
Estonia Million passenger-kilometres 		Road
Million passenger-kilometres
1998-2017
Estonia (red) 		Road
Million passenger-kilometres
2016
Estonia (red)
Primary energy supplyIndicator 0.15 Total
Toe/1 000 US dollars
2017
Estonia Toe/1 000 US dollars 		Total
Toe/1 000 US dollars
1998-2017
Estonia (red) 		Total
Toe/1 000 US dollars
2017
Estonia (red)
Road accidentsIndicator 48 Deaths
Per 1 000 000 inhabitants
2016
Estonia Per 1 000 000 inhabitants 		Deaths
Per 1 000 000 inhabitants
1997-2016
Estonia (red) 		Deaths
Per 1 000 000 inhabitants
2016
Estonia (red)

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EnvironmentLatestTrendRanking
Air and GHG emissionsIndicator 12.4 Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Tonnes/capita
2016
Estonia Tonnes/capita 		Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Tonnes/capita
1997-2016
Estonia (red) 		Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Tonnes/capita
2016
Estonia (red)
Municipal wasteIndicator 392.2 Total
Kilograms/capita
2017
Estonia Kilograms/capita 		Total
Kilograms/capita
1998-2017
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black) 		Total
Kilograms/capita
2017
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black)
Water withdrawalsIndicator 1 756.2 Total
Million m3
2016
Estonia Million m3 		Total
Million m3
1996-2016
Estonia (red) 		Total
Million m3
2012
Estonia (red)

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FinanceLatestTrendRanking
Broad money (M3)Indicator
Long-term interest ratesIndicator
Net pension replacement ratesIndicator 57.4 Men
% of pre-retirement earnings
2016
Estonia % of pre-retirement earnings 		Men
% of pre-retirement earnings
2014-2016
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black) 		Men
% of pre-retirement earnings
2016
Estonia (red)
Net pension wealthIndicator 9.5 Men
Multiple of annual gross earnings
2016
Estonia Multiple of annual gross earnings 		Men
Multiple of annual gross earnings
2014-2016
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black) 		Men
Multiple of annual gross earnings
2016
Estonia (red)
Short-term interest ratesIndicator -0.3 Total
% per annum
Feb-2019
Estonia % per annum 		Total
% per annum
Jul-2017-Feb-2019
Estonia (red), Euro area (19 countries) (black) 		Total
% per annum
Jan-2019
Estonia (red), Euro area (19 countries) (black)

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GovernmentLatestTrendRanking
General government spendingIndicator 39.3 Total
% of GDP
2017
Estonia % of GDP 		Total
% of GDP
1998-2017
Estonia (red) 		Total
% of GDP
2016
Estonia (red)
Government reservesIndicator 295.1 Total
SDR millions
Q4-2014
Estonia SDR millions 		Total
SDR millions
Q1-2010-Q4-2014
Estonia (red) 		Total
SDR millions
Q4-2014
Estonia (red)
Tax on corporate profitsIndicator 1.5 Total
% of GDP
2017
Estonia % of GDP 		Total
% of GDP
1998-2017
Estonia (red), OECD - Average (black) 		Total
% of GDP
2017
Estonia (red)
Tax revenueIndicator 33.0 Total
% of GDP
2017
Estonia % of GDP 		Total
% of GDP
1998-2017
Estonia (red), OECD - Average (black) 		Total
% of GDP
2017
Estonia (red), OECD - Average (black)
Tax wedgeIndicator 39.0 Total
% of labour cost
2017
Estonia % of labour cost 		Total
% of labour cost
2000-2017
Estonia (red), OECD - Average (black) 		Total
% of labour cost
2017
Estonia (red), OECD - Average (black)

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HealthLatestTrendRanking
Health spendingIndicator 2 125 Total
US dollars/capita
2017
Estonia US dollars/capita 		Total
US dollars/capita
1999-2017
Estonia (red) 		Total
US dollars/capita
2017
Estonia (red)
Hospital bedsIndicator 4.8 Total
Per 1 000 inhabitants
2016
Estonia Per 1 000 inhabitants 		Total
Per 1 000 inhabitants
1997-2016
Estonia (red) 		Total
Per 1 000 inhabitants
2016
Estonia (red)
Length of hospital stayIndicator 6.10 Acute care
Days
2016
Estonia Days 		Acute care
Days
1997-2016
Estonia (red) 		Acute care
Days
2016
Estonia (red)
Life expectancy at birthIndicator 73.3 Men
Years
2016
Estonia Years 		Men
Years
1997-2016
Estonia (red) 		Men
Years
2016
Estonia (red)
Overweight or obese populationIndicator 51.3 Measured
% of population aged 15+
2014
Estonia % of population aged 15+ 		Measured
% of population aged 15+
2014
Estonia (red)

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Innovation and TechnologyLatestTrendRanking
Gross domestic spending on R&DIndicator 1.3 Total
% of GDP
2017
Estonia % of GDP 		Total
% of GDP
1998-2017
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black) 		Total
% of GDP
2017
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black)
ICT value addedIndicator 6.9 Total
% of value added
2011
Estonia % of value added 		Total
% of value added
2011
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black)
Internet accessIndicator 90.5 Total
% of all households
2018
Estonia % of all households 		Total
% of all households
2005-2018
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black) 		Total
% of all households
2018
Estonia (red)
Mobile broadband subscriptionsIndicator 145.9 Total
Per 100 inhabitants
Q2-2018
Estonia Per 100 inhabitants 		Total
Per 100 inhabitants
Q4-2009-Q2-2018
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black) 		Total
Per 100 inhabitants
Q2-2018
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black)
Triadic patent familiesIndicator 9.7 Total
Number
2015
Estonia Number 		Total
Number
1996-2015
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black) 		Total
Number
2015
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black)

Find all indicators on Innovation and Technology

JobsLatestTrendRanking
Average wagesIndicator 24 336.0 Total
US dollars
2017
Estonia US dollars 		Total
US dollars
1998-2017
Estonia (red) 		Total
US dollars
2017
Estonia (red)
Employment rateIndicator 75.8 Total
% of working age population
Q4-2018
Estonia % of working age population 		Total
% of working age population
Q1-2014-Q4-2018
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black) 		Total
% of working age population
Q3-2018
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black)
Hours workedIndicator 1 813 Total
Hours/worker
2017
Estonia Hours/worker 		Total
Hours/worker
2000-2017
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black) 		Total
Hours/worker
2017
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black)
Long-term unemployment rateIndicator 33.5 Total
% of unemployed
2017
Estonia % of unemployed 		Total
% of unemployed
1998-2017
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black) 		Total
% of unemployed
2017
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black)
Self-employment rateIndicator 8.6 Total
% of employment
1999
Estonia % of employment 		Total
% of employment
1995-1999
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black) 		Total
% of employment
2017

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SocietyLatestTrendRanking
Fertility ratesIndicator 1.60 Total
Children/woman
2016
Estonia Children/woman 		Total
Children/woman
1997-2016
Estonia (red) 		Total
Children/woman
2016
Estonia (red)
National population distributionIndicator 11.5 Urban regions
Percentage
2014
Estonia Percentage 		Urban regions
Percentage
2014
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black)
Permanent immigrant inflowsIndicator
Poverty rateIndicator 0.16 Total
Ratio
2016
Estonia Ratio 		Total
Ratio
2013-2016
Estonia (red) 		Total
Ratio
2016
Estonia (red)
Social spendingIndicator 18.4 Public
% of GDP
2018
Estonia % of GDP 		Public
% of GDP
1999-2018
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black) 		Public
% of GDP
2018
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black)

Find all indicators on Society

Publications related to Estonia

OECD Economic Surveys: Estonia 2017OECD Economic Surveys: Estonia 2017Publication (2017)
Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Estonia 2018 (Second Round)Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Estonia 2018 (Second Round)Publication (2018)
Innovation, Agricultural Productivity and Sustainability in EstoniaInnovation, Agricultural Productivity and Sustainability in EstoniaPublication (2018)
OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Estonia 2017OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Estonia 2017Publication (2017)

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