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Estonia

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Country statistical profile

Further country information

Selected indicators for Estonia

Population

Population, Million persons, 2001-2021
Population, Annual growth rate (%), 2021

1.3 million

Growth rate: 0.1%

Income inequality

Income inequality, 0 = complete equality; 1 = complete inequality, latest available year

Education

Mathematics performance (PISA), Mean score, 2018
Reading performance (PISA), Mean score, 2018
Science performance (PISA), Mean score, 2018

CO2 emissions

Air and GHG emissions, Carbon dioxide (CO2), latest available year

6.2 tonnes per capita

GDP

Gross domestic product (GDP), US dollars/capita, 2021
Real GDP forecast, Annual growth rate (%), 2023

41 300 US$ per capita

Projected growth rate: 1.8%

Debt

Household debt, % of net disposable income, 2020
General government debt, % of GDP, 2020

Household debt:
80.5 % of disposable income

Government debt:
24.3 % of GDP

Tax

Tax on personal income, % of GDP, 2020

Tax on personal income:
6.2 % of GDP

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Country profile of Estonia

AgricultureLatestTrendRanking
Agricultural landIndicator 285.00 Permanent pasture
Thousand hectares
2020
Estonia Thousand hectares 		Permanent pasture
Thousand hectares
2001-2020
Estonia (red) 		Permanent pasture
Thousand hectares
2020
Estonia (red)
Agricultural supportIndicator
Crop productionIndicator
Fish landingsIndicator 55 918.3 National landings in domestic ports
Tonnes
2020
Estonia Tonnes 		National landings in domestic ports
Tonnes
2005-2020
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black) 		National landings in domestic ports
Tonnes
2020
Estonia (red)
Nutrient balanceIndicator 28.0 Nitrogen
Kilograms/hectare
2012
Estonia Kilograms/hectare 		Nitrogen
Kilograms/hectare
2004-2012
Estonia (red) 		Nitrogen
Kilograms/hectare
2019

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DevelopmentLatestTrendRanking
Distribution of net ODAIndicator 2.2 Least developed countries
Million US dollars
2020
Estonia Million US dollars 		Least developed countries
Million US dollars
2002-2020
Estonia (red), DAC Countries (black) 		Least developed countries
Million US dollars
2020
Estonia (red), DAC Countries (black)
Grants by private agencies and NGOsIndicator -0.5 Total
Million US dollars
2020
Estonia Million US dollars 		Total
Million US dollars
2014-2020
Estonia (red), DAC Countries (black)
Net ODAIndicator 0.2 ODA grant equivalent
% of gross national income
2021
Estonia % of gross national income 		ODA grant equivalent
% of gross national income
2018-2021
Estonia (red), DAC Countries (black) 		ODA grant equivalent
% of gross national income
2021
Estonia (red), DAC Countries (black)
Private flowsIndicator
Total official and private flowsIndicator

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EconomyLatestTrendRanking
Composite leading indicator (CLI)Indicator 99.12 Amplitude adjusted
Long-term average = 100
Aug-2022
Estonia Long-term average = 100
Household disposable incomeIndicator
Labour compensation per hour workedIndicator 0.5 Total
Annual growth rate (%)
2021
Estonia Annual growth rate (%) 		Total
Annual growth rate (%)
2002-2021
Estonia (red) 		Total
Annual growth rate (%)
2021
Estonia (red)
Net national incomeIndicator 29 197 Total
US dollars/capita
2020
Estonia US dollars/capita 		Total
US dollars/capita
2001-2020
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black) 		Total
US dollars/capita
2020
Estonia (red)
Trade in goods and servicesIndicator 78.3 Exports
% of GDP
2021
Estonia % of GDP 		Exports
% of GDP
2002-2021
Estonia (red) 		Exports
% of GDP
2021
Estonia (red)

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EducationLatestTrendRanking
Education spendingIndicator 17 433 Tertiary
US dollars/student
2018
Estonia US dollars/student 		Tertiary
US dollars/student
2005-2018
Estonia (red) 		Tertiary
US dollars/student
2018
Estonia (red)
Mathematics performance (PISA)Indicator 528 Boys
Mean score
2018
Estonia Mean score 		Boys
Mean score
2006-2018
Estonia (red), OECD - Average (black) 		Boys
Mean score
2018
Estonia (red), OECD - Average (black)
Reading performance (PISA)Indicator 508 Boys
Mean score
2018
Estonia Mean score 		Boys
Mean score
2006-2018
Estonia (red), OECD - Average (black) 		Boys
Mean score
2018
Estonia (red), OECD - Average (black)
Science performance (PISA)Indicator 528 Boys
Mean score
2018
Estonia Mean score 		Boys
Mean score
2006-2018
Estonia (red), OECD - Average (black) 		Boys
Mean score
2018
Estonia (red), OECD - Average (black)
Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET)Indicator 4.7 15-19 year-old men
% in same age group
2020
Estonia % in same age group 		15-19 year-old men
% in same age group
2003-2020
Estonia (red), OECD - Average (black) 		15-19 year-old men
% in same age group
2020
Estonia (red), OECD - Average (black)

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EnergyLatestTrendRanking
Crude oil productionIndicator 0.0 Total
Thousand toe
2017
Estonia Thousand toe 		Total
Thousand toe
1998-2017
Estonia (red) 		Total
Thousand toe
2017
Estonia (red)
Infrastructure investmentIndicator 244 000 000.00 Road
Euro
2020
Estonia Euro 		Road
Euro
2001-2020
Estonia (red) 		Road
Euro
2019
Estonia (red)
Passenger transportIndicator
Primary energy supplyIndicator 0.10 Total
Toe/1 000 US dollars
2021
Estonia Toe/1 000 US dollars 		Total
Toe/1 000 US dollars
2002-2021
Estonia (red) 		Total
Toe/1 000 US dollars
2021
Estonia (red)
Road accidentsIndicator 45 Deaths
Per 1 000 000 inhabitants
2020
Estonia Per 1 000 000 inhabitants 		Deaths
Per 1 000 000 inhabitants
2001-2020
Estonia (red) 		Deaths
Per 1 000 000 inhabitants
2020
Estonia (red)

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EnvironmentLatestTrendRanking
Air and GHG emissionsIndicator 6.2 Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Tonnes/capita
2021
Estonia Tonnes/capita 		Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Tonnes/capita
2002-2021
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black) 		Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Tonnes/capita
2021
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black)
Municipal wasteIndicator 384.1 Total
Kilograms/capita
2020
Estonia Kilograms/capita 		Total
Kilograms/capita
2001-2020
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black) 		Total
Kilograms/capita
2019
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black)
Water withdrawalsIndicator 848.0 Total
Million m3
2020
Estonia Million m3 		Total
Million m3
2001-2020
Estonia (red) 		Total
Million m3
2017
Estonia (red)

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FinanceLatestTrendRanking
Broad money (M3)Indicator
Long-term interest ratesIndicator 2.7 Total
% per annum
Jul-2022
Estonia % per annum 		Total
% per annum
Dec-2020-Jul-2022
Estonia (red) 		Total
% per annum
Aug-2022
Net pension replacement ratesIndicator 33.8 Men
% of pre-retirement earnings
2020
Estonia % of pre-retirement earnings 		Men
% of pre-retirement earnings
2014-2020
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black) 		Men
% of pre-retirement earnings
2020
Estonia (red)
Net pension wealthIndicator 4.8 Men
Multiple of annual gross earnings
2020
Estonia Multiple of annual gross earnings 		Men
Multiple of annual gross earnings
2014-2020
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black) 		Men
Multiple of annual gross earnings
2020
Estonia (red)
Short-term interest ratesIndicator 0.4 Total
% per annum
Aug-2022
Estonia % per annum 		Total
% per annum
Jan-2021-Aug-2022
Estonia (red), Euro area (19 countries) (black) 		Total
% per annum
Aug-2022
Estonia (red), Euro area (19 countries) (black)

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GovernmentLatestTrendRanking
General government spendingIndicator 44.8 Total
% of GDP
2020
Estonia % of GDP 		Total
% of GDP
2001-2020
Estonia (red) 		Total
% of GDP
2020
Estonia (red)
Government reservesIndicator 295.1 Total
SDR millions
Q4-2014
Estonia SDR millions 		Total
SDR millions
Q1-2010-Q4-2014
Estonia (red) 		Total
SDR millions
Q4-2014
Estonia (red)
Tax on corporate profitsIndicator 1.7 Total
% of GDP
2020
Estonia % of GDP 		Total
% of GDP
2001-2020
Estonia (red), OECD - Average (black) 		Total
% of GDP
2020
Estonia (red)
Tax revenueIndicator 34.5 Total
% of GDP
2020
Estonia % of GDP 		Total
% of GDP
2001-2020
Estonia (red), OECD - Average (black) 		Total
% of GDP
2020
Estonia (red), OECD - Average (black)
Tax wedgeIndicator 38.1 Total
% of labour cost
2021
Estonia % of labour cost 		Total
% of labour cost
2002-2021
Estonia (red), OECD - Average (black) 		Total
% of labour cost
2021
Estonia (red), OECD - Average (black)

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HealthLatestTrendRanking
Health spendingIndicator 2 989 Total
US dollars/capita
2021
Estonia US dollars/capita 		Total
US dollars/capita
2002-2021
Estonia (red) 		Total
US dollars/capita
2020
Estonia (red)
Hospital bedsIndicator 4.5 Total
Per 1 000 inhabitants
2020
Estonia Per 1 000 inhabitants 		Total
Per 1 000 inhabitants
2001-2020
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black) 		Total
Per 1 000 inhabitants
2020
Estonia (red)
Length of hospital stayIndicator 6.10 Acute care
Days
2020
Estonia Days 		Acute care
Days
2001-2020
Estonia (red) 		Acute care
Days
2020
Estonia (red)
Life expectancy at birthIndicator 72.4 Men
Years
2021
Estonia Years 		Men
Years
2002-2021
Estonia (red) 		Men
Years
2021
Estonia (red)
Overweight or obese populationIndicator 51.3 Measured
% of population aged 15+
2014
Estonia % of population aged 15+ 		Measured
% of population aged 15+
2014
Estonia (red)

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Innovation and TechnologyLatestTrendRanking
Gross domestic spending on R&DIndicator 1.8 Total
% of GDP
2020
Estonia % of GDP 		Total
% of GDP
2001-2020
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black) 		Total
% of GDP
2020
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black)
ICT value addedIndicator 6.9 Total
% of value added
2011
Estonia % of value added 		Total
% of value added
2011
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black)
Internet accessIndicator 91.8 Total
% of all households
2021
Estonia % of all households 		Total
% of all households
2005-2021
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black) 		Total
% of all households
2021
Estonia (red)
Mobile broadband subscriptionsIndicator 179.9 Total
Per 100 inhabitants
Q4-2021
Estonia Per 100 inhabitants 		Total
Per 100 inhabitants
Q2-2012-Q4-2021
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black) 		Total
Per 100 inhabitants
Q4-2021
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black)
Triadic patent familiesIndicator 4.8 Total
Number
2019
Estonia Number 		Total
Number
2000-2019
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black) 		Total
Number
2019
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black)

Find all indicators on Innovation and Technology

JobsLatestTrendRanking
Average wagesIndicator 33 359.6 Total
US dollars
2021
Estonia US dollars 		Total
US dollars
2002-2021
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black) 		Total
US dollars
2021
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black)
Employment rateIndicator 76.2 Total
% of working age population
Q2-2022
Estonia % of working age population 		Total
% of working age population
Q3-2017-Q2-2022
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black) 		Total
% of working age population
Q2-2022
Estonia (red)
Hours workedIndicator 1 767 Total
Hours/worker
2021
Estonia Hours/worker 		Total
Hours/worker
2002-2021
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black) 		Total
Hours/worker
2021
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black)
Long-term unemployment rateIndicator 25.3 Total
% of unemployed
2021
Estonia % of unemployed 		Total
% of unemployed
2002-2021
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black) 		Total
% of unemployed
2021
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black)
Self-employment rateIndicator 8.6 Total
% of employment
1999
Estonia % of employment 		Total
% of employment
1995-1999
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black) 		Total
% of employment
2021

Find all indicators on Jobs

SocietyLatestTrendRanking
Fertility ratesIndicator 1.58 Total
Children/woman
2020
Estonia Children/woman 		Total
Children/woman
2001-2020
Estonia (red) 		Total
Children/woman
2020
Estonia (red)
National population distributionIndicator 11.5 Urban regions
Percentage
2014
Estonia Percentage 		Urban regions
Percentage
2014
Estonia (red)
Permanent immigrant inflowsIndicator
Poverty rateIndicator 0.15 Total
Ratio
2019
Estonia Ratio 		Total
Ratio
2013-2019
Estonia (red) 		Total
Ratio
2019
Estonia (red)
Social spendingIndicator 17.7 Public
% of GDP
2019
Estonia % of GDP 		Public
% of GDP
2000-2019
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black) 		Public
% of GDP
2019
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black)

Find all indicators on Society

Publications related to Estonia

OECD Economic Surveys: Estonia 2019Publication (2019)
International Trade by Commodity Statistics Volume 2021 Issue 5Publication (2021)
International Trade by Commodity Statistics Volume 2020 Issue 5Publication (2021)
International Trade by Commodity Statistics, Volume 2019 Issue 5Publication (2019)

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