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Estonia

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Country statistical profile

Further country information

Selected indicators for Estonia

Population

Population, Million persons, 1998-2018
Population, Annual growth rate (%), 2018

1.3 million

Growth rate: 0.3%

Income inequality

Income inequality, 0 = complete equality; 1 = complete inequality, latest available year

Education

Mathematics performance (PISA), Mean score, 2018
Reading performance (PISA), Mean score, 2018
Science performance (PISA), Mean score, 2018

CO2 emissions

Air and GHG emissions, Carbon dioxide (CO2), latest available year

8.8 tonnes per capita

GDP

Gross domestic product (GDP), US dollars/capita, 2020

38 359 US$ per capita

Debt

Household debt, % of net disposable income, 2019
General government debt, % of GDP, 2019

Household debt:
76.4 % of disposable income

Government debt:
13.4 % of GDP

Tax

Tax on personal income, % of GDP, 2019

Tax on personal income:
5.4 % of GDP

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Country profile of Estonia

AgricultureLatestTrendRanking
Agricultural landIndicator 289.00 Permanent pasture
Thousand hectares
2019
Estonia Thousand hectares 		Permanent pasture
Thousand hectares
2000-2019
Estonia (red) 		Permanent pasture
Thousand hectares
2018
Estonia (red)
Agricultural supportIndicator
Crop productionIndicator
Fish landingsIndicator 77 232.0 National landings in domestic ports
Tonnes
2018
Estonia Tonnes 		National landings in domestic ports
Tonnes
2005-2018
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black) 		National landings in domestic ports
Tonnes
2018
Estonia (red)
Nutrient balanceIndicator 22.0 Nitrogen
Kilograms/hectare
2015
Estonia Kilograms/hectare 		Nitrogen
Kilograms/hectare
2000-2015
Estonia (red) 		Nitrogen
Kilograms/hectare
2017

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DevelopmentLatestTrendRanking
Distribution of net ODAIndicator 1.7 Least developed countries
Million US dollars
2019
Estonia Million US dollars 		Least developed countries
Million US dollars
2002-2019
Estonia (red), DAC Countries (black) 		Least developed countries
Million US dollars
2019
Estonia (red), DAC Countries (black)
Grants by private agencies and NGOsIndicator -0.4 Total
Million US dollars
2019
Estonia Million US dollars 		Total
Million US dollars
2014-2019
Estonia (red), DAC Countries (black)
Net ODAIndicator 0.2 ODA grant equivalent
% of gross national income
2020
Estonia % of gross national income 		ODA grant equivalent
% of gross national income
2018-2020
Estonia (red), DAC Countries (black) 		ODA grant equivalent
% of gross national income
2020
Estonia (red), DAC Countries (black)
Private flowsIndicator
Total official and private flowsIndicator

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EconomyLatestTrendRanking
Composite leading indicator (CLI)Indicator 102.74 Amplitude adjusted
Long-term average = 100
Mar-2021
Estonia Long-term average = 100
Household disposable incomeIndicator 6.5 Net
Annual growth rate (%)
2019
Estonia Annual growth rate (%) 		Net
Annual growth rate (%)
2000-2019
Estonia (red) 		Net
Annual growth rate (%)
2019
Estonia (red)
Labour compensation per hour workedIndicator 5.7 Total
Annual growth rate (%)
2020
Estonia Annual growth rate (%) 		Total
Annual growth rate (%)
2001-2020
Estonia (red) 		Total
Annual growth rate (%)
2019
Estonia (red)
Net national incomeIndicator 31 964 Total
US dollars/capita
2019
Estonia US dollars/capita 		Total
US dollars/capita
2000-2019
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black) 		Total
US dollars/capita
2019
Estonia (red)
Trade in goods and servicesIndicator 69.8 Exports
% of GDP
2020
Estonia % of GDP 		Exports
% of GDP
2001-2020
Estonia (red) 		Exports
% of GDP
2020
Estonia (red)

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EducationLatestTrendRanking
Education spendingIndicator 12 867 Tertiary
US dollars/student
2015
Estonia US dollars/student 		Tertiary
US dollars/student
1995-2015
Estonia (red) 		Tertiary
US dollars/student
2016
Estonia (red)
Mathematics performance (PISA)Indicator 528 Boys
Mean score
2018
Estonia Mean score 		Boys
Mean score
2006-2018
Estonia (red), OECD - Average (black) 		Boys
Mean score
2018
Estonia (red), OECD - Average (black)
Reading performance (PISA)Indicator 508 Boys
Mean score
2018
Estonia Mean score 		Boys
Mean score
2006-2018
Estonia (red), OECD - Average (black) 		Boys
Mean score
2018
Estonia (red), OECD - Average (black)
Science performance (PISA)Indicator 528 Boys
Mean score
2018
Estonia Mean score 		Boys
Mean score
2006-2018
Estonia (red), OECD - Average (black) 		Boys
Mean score
2018
Estonia (red), OECD - Average (black)
Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET)Indicator 3.7 15-19 year-old men
% in same age group
2019
Estonia % in same age group 		15-19 year-old men
% in same age group
2003-2019
Estonia (red), OECD - Average (black) 		15-19 year-old men
% in same age group
2019
Estonia (red), OECD - Average (black)

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EnergyLatestTrendRanking
Crude oil productionIndicator 0.0 Total
Thousand toe
2017
Estonia Thousand toe 		Total
Thousand toe
1998-2017
Estonia (red) 		Total
Thousand toe
2017
Estonia (red)
Infrastructure investmentIndicator 220 000 000.00 Road
Euro
2019
Estonia Euro 		Road
Euro
2000-2019
Estonia (red) 		Road
Euro
2018
Estonia (red)
Passenger transportIndicator 3 240.0 Road
Million passenger-kilometres
2019
Estonia Million passenger-kilometres 		Road
Million passenger-kilometres
2000-2019
Estonia (red) 		Road
Million passenger-kilometres
2018
Estonia (red)
Primary energy supplyIndicator 0.11 Total
Toe/1 000 US dollars
2019
Estonia Toe/1 000 US dollars 		Total
Toe/1 000 US dollars
2000-2019
Estonia (red) 		Total
Toe/1 000 US dollars
2019
Estonia (red)
Road accidentsIndicator 39 Deaths
Per 1 000 000 inhabitants
2019
Estonia Per 1 000 000 inhabitants 		Deaths
Per 1 000 000 inhabitants
2000-2019
Estonia (red) 		Deaths
Per 1 000 000 inhabitants
2019
Estonia (red)

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EnvironmentLatestTrendRanking
Air and GHG emissionsIndicator 8.8 Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Tonnes/capita
2019
Estonia Tonnes/capita 		Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Tonnes/capita
2000-2019
Estonia (red) 		Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Tonnes/capita
2019
Estonia (red)
Municipal wasteIndicator 369.5 Total
Kilograms/capita
2019
Estonia Kilograms/capita 		Total
Kilograms/capita
2000-2019
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black) 		Total
Kilograms/capita
2019
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black)
Water withdrawalsIndicator 1 605.2 Total
Million m3
2018
Estonia Million m3 		Total
Million m3
1999-2018
Estonia (red) 		Total
Million m3
2016
Estonia (red)

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FinanceLatestTrendRanking
Broad money (M3)Indicator
Long-term interest ratesIndicator -0.1 Total
% per annum
Feb-2021
Estonia % per annum 		Total
% per annum
Jun-2020-Feb-2021
Estonia (red) 		Total
% per annum
Mar-2021
Net pension replacement ratesIndicator 53.1 Men
% of pre-retirement earnings
2018
Estonia % of pre-retirement earnings 		Men
% of pre-retirement earnings
2014-2018
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black) 		Men
% of pre-retirement earnings
2018
Estonia (red)
Net pension wealthIndicator 7.5 Men
Multiple of annual gross earnings
2018
Estonia Multiple of annual gross earnings 		Men
Multiple of annual gross earnings
2014-2018
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black) 		Men
Multiple of annual gross earnings
2018
Estonia (red)
Short-term interest ratesIndicator -0.5 Total
% per annum
Apr-2021
Estonia % per annum 		Total
% per annum
Sep-2019-Apr-2021
Estonia (red), Euro area (19 countries) (black) 		Total
% per annum
Apr-2021
Estonia (red), Euro area (19 countries) (black)

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GovernmentLatestTrendRanking
General government spendingIndicator 38.9 Total
% of GDP
2019
Estonia % of GDP 		Total
% of GDP
2000-2019
Estonia (red) 		Total
% of GDP
2019
Estonia (red)
Government reservesIndicator 295.1 Total
SDR millions
Q4-2014
Estonia SDR millions 		Total
SDR millions
Q1-2010-Q4-2014
Estonia (red) 		Total
SDR millions
Q4-2014
Estonia (red)
Tax on corporate profitsIndicator 1.8 Total
% of GDP
2019
Estonia % of GDP 		Total
% of GDP
2000-2019
Estonia (red), OECD - Average (black) 		Total
% of GDP
2019
Estonia (red)
Tax revenueIndicator 33.1 Total
% of GDP
2019
Estonia % of GDP 		Total
% of GDP
2000-2019
Estonia (red), OECD - Average (black) 		Total
% of GDP
2019
Estonia (red), OECD - Average (black)
Tax wedgeIndicator 36.9 Total
% of labour cost
2020
Estonia % of labour cost 		Total
% of labour cost
2001-2020
Estonia (red), OECD - Average (black) 		Total
% of labour cost
2020
Estonia (red), OECD - Average (black)

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HealthLatestTrendRanking
Health spendingIndicator 2 579 Total
US dollars/capita
2019
Estonia US dollars/capita 		Total
US dollars/capita
2000-2019
Estonia (red) 		Total
US dollars/capita
2019
Estonia (red)
Hospital bedsIndicator 4.6 Total
Per 1 000 inhabitants
2018
Estonia Per 1 000 inhabitants 		Total
Per 1 000 inhabitants
1999-2018
Estonia (red) 		Total
Per 1 000 inhabitants
2018
Estonia (red)
Length of hospital stayIndicator 6.10 Acute care
Days
2018
Estonia Days 		Acute care
Days
1999-2018
Estonia (red) 		Acute care
Days
2018
Estonia (red)
Life expectancy at birthIndicator 74.0 Men
Years
2018
Estonia Years 		Men
Years
1999-2018
Estonia (red) 		Men
Years
2018
Estonia (red)
Overweight or obese populationIndicator 51.3 Measured
% of population aged 15+
2014
Estonia % of population aged 15+ 		Measured
% of population aged 15+
2014
Estonia (red)

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Innovation and TechnologyLatestTrendRanking
Gross domestic spending on R&DIndicator 1.6 Total
% of GDP
2019
Estonia % of GDP 		Total
% of GDP
2000-2019
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black) 		Total
% of GDP
2019
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black)
ICT value addedIndicator 6.9 Total
% of value added
2011
Estonia % of value added 		Total
% of value added
2011
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black)
Internet accessIndicator 90.0 Total
% of all households
2020
Estonia % of all households 		Total
% of all households
2005-2020
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black) 		Total
% of all households
2020
Estonia (red)
Mobile broadband subscriptionsIndicator 169.7 Total
Per 100 inhabitants
Q2-2020
Estonia Per 100 inhabitants 		Total
Per 100 inhabitants
Q4-2010-Q2-2020
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black) 		Total
Per 100 inhabitants
Q2-2020
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black)
Triadic patent familiesIndicator 4.8 Total
Number
2018
Estonia Number 		Total
Number
1999-2018
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black) 		Total
Number
2018
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black)

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JobsLatestTrendRanking
Average wagesIndicator 30 296.9 Total
US dollars
2019
Estonia US dollars 		Total
US dollars
2000-2019
Estonia (red) 		Total
US dollars
2019
Estonia (red)
Employment rateIndicator 74.1 Total
% of working age population
Q4-2020
Estonia % of working age population 		Total
% of working age population
Q1-2016-Q4-2020
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black) 		Total
% of working age population
Q4-2020
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black)
Hours workedIndicator 1 711 Total
Hours/worker
2019
Estonia Hours/worker 		Total
Hours/worker
2000-2019
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black) 		Total
Hours/worker
2019
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black)
Long-term unemployment rateIndicator 20.0 Total
% of unemployed
2019
Estonia % of unemployed 		Total
% of unemployed
2000-2019
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black) 		Total
% of unemployed
2019
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black)
Self-employment rateIndicator 8.6 Total
% of employment
1999
Estonia % of employment 		Total
% of employment
1995-1999
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black) 		Total
% of employment
2019

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SocietyLatestTrendRanking
Fertility ratesIndicator 1.70 Total
Children/woman
2018
Estonia Children/woman 		Total
Children/woman
1999-2018
Estonia (red) 		Total
Children/woman
2018
Estonia (red)
National population distributionIndicator 11.5 Urban regions
Percentage
2014
Estonia Percentage 		Urban regions
Percentage
2014
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black)
Permanent immigrant inflowsIndicator
Poverty rateIndicator 0.16 Total
Ratio
2018
Estonia Ratio 		Total
Ratio
2013-2018
Estonia (red) 		Total
Ratio
2017
Estonia (red)
Social spendingIndicator 17.7 Public
% of GDP
2019
Estonia % of GDP 		Public
% of GDP
2000-2019
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black) 		Public
% of GDP
2019
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black)

Find all indicators on Society

Publications related to Estonia

OECD Economic Surveys: Estonia 2019Publication (2019)
International Trade by Commodity Statistics Volume 2020 Issue 5Publication (2021)
International Trade by Commodity Statistics, Volume 2019 Issue 5Publication (2019)
International Trade by Commodity Statistics, Volume 2018 Issue 5Publication (2018)

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