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Estonia

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Country statistical profile

Further country information

Selected indicators for Estonia

Population

Population, Million persons, 2002-2022

1.3 million

Growth rate: <%population-growth-rate%>%

Income inequality

Income inequality, 0 = complete equality; 1 = complete inequality, latest available year

Education

Mathematics performance (PISA), Mean score, 2018
Reading performance (PISA), Mean score, 2018
Science performance (PISA), Mean score, 2018

CO2 emissions

Air and GHG emissions, Carbon dioxide (CO2), latest available year

6.6 tonnes per capita

GDP

Gross domestic product (GDP), US dollars/capita, 2022
Real GDP forecast, Annual growth rate (%), 2025

48 785 US$ per capita

Projected growth rate: 2.5%

Debt

Household debt, % of net disposable income, 2022
General government debt, % of GDP, 2022

Household debt:
80.9 % of disposable income

Government debt:
25.4 % of GDP

Tax

Tax on personal income, % of GDP, 2022

Tax on personal income:
6.3 % of GDP

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Country profile of Estonia

AgricultureLatestTrendRanking
Agricultural landIndicator 280.85 Permanent pasture
Thousand hectares
2021
Estonia Thousand hectares 		Permanent pasture
Thousand hectares
2002-2021
Estonia (red) 		Permanent pasture
Thousand hectares
2021
Estonia (red)
Agricultural supportIndicator
Crop productionIndicator
Nutrient balanceIndicator 28.0 Nitrogen
Kilograms/hectare
2012
Estonia Kilograms/hectare 		Nitrogen
Kilograms/hectare
2004-2012
Estonia (red) 		Nitrogen
Kilograms/hectare
2019

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DevelopmentLatestTrendRanking
Distribution of net ODAIndicator 0.5 Least developed countries
Million US dollars
2022
Estonia Million US dollars 		Least developed countries
Million US dollars
2002-2022
Estonia (red), DAC Countries (black) 		Least developed countries
Million US dollars
2022
Estonia (red), DAC Countries (black)
Grants by private agencies and NGOsIndicator -0.5 Total
Million US dollars
2021
Estonia Million US dollars 		Total
Million US dollars
2014-2021
Estonia (red), DAC Countries (black)
Net ODAIndicator 0.5 ODA grant equivalent
% of gross national income
2022
Estonia % of gross national income 		ODA grant equivalent
% of gross national income
2018-2022
Estonia (red), DAC Countries (black) 		ODA grant equivalent
% of gross national income
2022
Estonia (red), DAC Countries (black)
Private flowsIndicator
Total official and private flowsIndicator 196.2 Total
Million US dollars
2022
Estonia Million US dollars 		Total
Million US dollars
2021-2022
Estonia (red), DAC Countries (black) 		Total
Million US dollars
2022
Estonia (red), DAC Countries (black)

Find all indicators on Development

EconomyLatestTrendRanking
Composite leading indicator (CLI)Indicator
Household disposable incomeIndicator
Labour compensation per hour workedIndicator 7.7 Total
Annual growth rate (%)
2022
Estonia Annual growth rate (%) 		Total
Annual growth rate (%)
2003-2022
Estonia (red) 		Total
Annual growth rate (%)
2022
Estonia (red)
Net national incomeIndicator 39 520 Total
US dollars/capita
2022
Estonia US dollars/capita 		Total
US dollars/capita
2003-2022
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black) 		Total
US dollars/capita
2022
Estonia (red)
Trade in goods and servicesIndicator 85.5 Exports
% of GDP
2022
Estonia % of GDP 		Exports
% of GDP
2003-2022
Estonia (red) 		Exports
% of GDP
2022
Estonia (red)

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EducationLatestTrendRanking
Education spendingIndicator 17 930 Tertiary
US dollars/student
2020
Estonia US dollars/student 		Tertiary
US dollars/student
2005-2020
Estonia (red) 		Tertiary
US dollars/student
2020
Estonia (red)
Mathematics performance (PISA)Indicator 528 Boys
Mean score
2018
Estonia Mean score 		Boys
Mean score
2006-2018
Estonia (red), OECD - Average (black) 		Boys
Mean score
2018
Estonia (red), OECD - Average (black)
Reading performance (PISA)Indicator 508 Boys
Mean score
2018
Estonia Mean score 		Boys
Mean score
2006-2018
Estonia (red), OECD - Average (black) 		Boys
Mean score
2018
Estonia (red), OECD - Average (black)
Science performance (PISA)Indicator 528 Boys
Mean score
2018
Estonia Mean score 		Boys
Mean score
2006-2018
Estonia (red), OECD - Average (black) 		Boys
Mean score
2018
Estonia (red), OECD - Average (black)
Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET)Indicator 8.8 15-19 year-old men
% in same age group
2022
Estonia % in same age group 		15-19 year-old men
% in same age group
2003-2022
Estonia (red), OECD - Average (black) 		15-19 year-old men
% in same age group
2022
Estonia (red), OECD - Average (black)

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EnergyLatestTrendRanking
Crude oil productionIndicator 0.0 Total
Thousand toe
2021
Estonia Thousand toe 		Total
Thousand toe
2002-2021
Estonia (red) 		Total
Thousand toe
2021
Estonia (red)
Infrastructure investmentIndicator 281 000 000.00 Road
Euro
2021
Estonia Euro 		Road
Euro
2002-2021
Estonia (red) 		Road
Euro
2021
Estonia (red)
Passenger transportIndicator
Primary energy supplyIndicator 0.10 Total
Toe/1 000 US dollars
2022
Estonia Toe/1 000 US dollars 		Total
Toe/1 000 US dollars
2003-2022
Estonia (red) 		Total
Toe/1 000 US dollars
2022
Estonia (red)
Road accidentsIndicator 3 Deaths
Per 1 000 000 inhabitants
2022
Estonia Per 1 000 000 inhabitants 		Deaths
Per 1 000 000 inhabitants
2003-2022
Estonia (red) 		Deaths
Per 1 000 000 inhabitants
2022
Estonia (red)

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EnvironmentLatestTrendRanking
Air and GHG emissionsIndicator 6.6 Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Tonnes/capita
2022
Estonia Tonnes/capita 		Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Tonnes/capita
2003-2022
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black) 		Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Tonnes/capita
2022
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black)
Municipal wasteIndicator 394.5 Total
Kilograms/capita
2021
Estonia Kilograms/capita 		Total
Kilograms/capita
2002-2021
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black) 		Total
Kilograms/capita
2020
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black)
Water withdrawalsIndicator 993.7 Total
Million m3
2021
Estonia Million m3 		Total
Million m3
2002-2021
Estonia (red) 		Total
Million m3
2020
Estonia (red)

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FinanceLatestTrendRanking
Broad money (M3)Indicator
Long-term interest ratesIndicator 3.7 Total
% per annum
Nov-2023
Estonia % per annum 		Total
% per annum
Apr-2022-Nov-2023
Estonia (red) 		Total
% per annum
Nov-2023
Estonia (red)
Net pension replacement ratesIndicator 34.4 Men
% of pre-retirement earnings
2022
Estonia % of pre-retirement earnings 		Men
% of pre-retirement earnings
2014-2022
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black) 		Men
% of pre-retirement earnings
2022
Estonia (red)
Net pension wealthIndicator 5.6 Men
Multiple of annual gross earnings
2022
Estonia Multiple of annual gross earnings 		Men
Multiple of annual gross earnings
2014-2022
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black) 		Men
Multiple of annual gross earnings
2022
Estonia (red)
Short-term interest ratesIndicator 4.0 Total
% per annum
Nov-2023
Estonia % per annum 		Total
% per annum
Apr-2022-Nov-2023
Estonia (red), Euro area (19 countries) (black) 		Total
% per annum
Nov-2023
Estonia (red), Euro area (19 countries) (black)

Find all indicators on Finance

GovernmentLatestTrendRanking
General government spendingIndicator 41.5 Total
% of GDP
2021
Estonia % of GDP 		Total
% of GDP
2002-2021
Estonia (red) 		Total
% of GDP
2021
Estonia (red)
Government reservesIndicator 295.1 Total
SDR millions
Q4-2014
Estonia SDR millions 		Total
SDR millions
Q1-2010-Q4-2014
Estonia (red) 		Total
SDR millions
Q4-2014
Estonia (red)
Tax on corporate profitsIndicator 1.6 Total
% of GDP
2022
Estonia % of GDP 		Total
% of GDP
2003-2022
Estonia (red), OECD - Average (black) 		Total
% of GDP
2022
Estonia (red)
Tax revenueIndicator 32.8 Total
% of GDP
2022
Estonia % of GDP 		Total
% of GDP
2003-2022
Estonia (red), OECD - Average (black) 		Total
% of GDP
2022
Estonia (red), OECD - Average (black)
Tax wedgeIndicator 39.0 Total
% of labour cost
2022
Estonia % of labour cost 		Total
% of labour cost
2003-2022
Estonia (red), OECD - Average (black) 		Total
% of labour cost
2022
Estonia (red), OECD - Average (black)

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HealthLatestTrendRanking
Health spendingIndicator 3 103 Total
US dollars/capita
2022
Estonia US dollars/capita 		Total
US dollars/capita
2003-2022
Estonia (red) 		Total
US dollars/capita
2022
Estonia (red)
Hospital bedsIndicator 4.4 Total
Per 1 000 inhabitants
2021
Estonia Per 1 000 inhabitants 		Total
Per 1 000 inhabitants
2002-2021
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black) 		Total
Per 1 000 inhabitants
2021
Estonia (red)
Length of hospital stayIndicator 6.30 Acute care
Days
2021
Estonia Days 		Acute care
Days
2002-2021
Estonia (red) 		Acute care
Days
2021
Estonia (red)
Life expectancy at birthIndicator 73.7 Men
Years
2022
Estonia Years 		Men
Years
2003-2022
Estonia (red) 		Men
Years
2022
Estonia (red)
Overweight or obese populationIndicator 51.3 Measured
% of population aged 15+
2014
Estonia % of population aged 15+ 		Measured
% of population aged 15+
2014
Estonia (red)

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Innovation and TechnologyLatestTrendRanking
Gross domestic spending on R&DIndicator 1.8 Total
% of GDP
2021
Estonia % of GDP 		Total
% of GDP
2002-2021
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black) 		Total
% of GDP
2021
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black)
ICT value addedIndicator 6.9 Total
% of value added
2011
Estonia % of value added 		Total
% of value added
2011
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black)
Internet accessIndicator 93.2 Total
% of all households
2023
Estonia % of all households 		Total
% of all households
2005-2023
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black) 		Total
% of all households
2023
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black)
Mobile broadband subscriptionsIndicator 204.1 Total
Per 100 inhabitants
2022
Estonia Per 100 inhabitants 		Total
Per 100 inhabitants
2010-2022
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black) 		Total
Per 100 inhabitants
2022
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black)
Triadic patent familiesIndicator 4.3 Total
Number
2020
Estonia Number 		Total
Number
2001-2020
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black) 		Total
Number
2020
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black)

Find all indicators on Innovation and Technology

JobsLatestTrendRanking
Average wagesIndicator 34 704.6 Total
US dollars
2022
Estonia US dollars 		Total
US dollars
2003-2022
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black) 		Total
US dollars
2022
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black)
Employment rateIndicator 76.1 Total
% of working age population
Q3-2023
Estonia % of working age population 		Total
% of working age population
Q4-2018-Q3-2023
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black) 		Total
% of working age population
Q3-2023
Estonia (red)
Hours workedIndicator 1 770 Total
Hours/worker
2022
Estonia Hours/worker 		Total
Hours/worker
2003-2022
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black) 		Total
Hours/worker
2022
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black)
Long-term unemployment rateIndicator 22.3 Total
% of unemployed
2022
Estonia % of unemployed 		Total
% of unemployed
2003-2022
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black) 		Total
% of unemployed
2022
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black)
Self-employment rateIndicator 8.6 Total
% of employment
1999
Estonia % of employment 		Total
% of employment
1995-1999
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black) 		Total
% of employment
2022

Find all indicators on Jobs

SocietyLatestTrendRanking
Fertility ratesIndicator 1.61 Total
Children/woman
2021
Estonia Children/woman 		Total
Children/woman
2002-2021
Estonia (red), OECD - Average (black) 		Total
Children/woman
2021
Estonia (red), OECD - Average (black)
National population distributionIndicator 11.5 Urban regions
Percentage
2014
Estonia Percentage 		Urban regions
Percentage
2014
Estonia (red)
Permanent immigrant inflowsIndicator 32 189.0 Total
Number
2022
Estonia Number 		Total
Number
2012-2022
Estonia (red) 		Total
Number
2022
Estonia (red)
Poverty rateIndicator 0.16 Total
Ratio
2021
Estonia Ratio 		Total
Ratio
2013-2021
Estonia (red) 		Total
Ratio
2021
Estonia (red)
Social spendingIndicator 17.2 Public
% of GDP
2022
Estonia % of GDP 		Public
% of GDP
2003-2022
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black) 		Public
% of GDP
2022
Estonia (red), OECD - Total (black)

Find all indicators on Society

Publications related to Estonia

OECD Economic Surveys: Estonia 2019Publication (2019)
International Trade by Commodity Statistics, Volume 2023 Issue 3Publication (2023)
OECD Quarterly International Trade Statistics, Volume 2022 Issue 4Publication (2023)
International Trade by Commodity Statistics, Volume 2021 Issue 5Publication (2021)

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